Conditionals and Loops

if / elif / else

Blocks are defined by indentation (usually 4 spaces). No parentheses around the condition required.

python
score = 75
if score >= 70:
    print(\"Passed\")
else:
    print(\"Failed\")

Chain with elif:

python
if score >= 90:
    grade = \"A\"
elif score >= 80:
    grade = \"B\"
elif score >= 70:
    grade = \"C\"
else:
    grade = \"F\"

for loop

Iterate over a sequence (e.g. a list or range):

python
for i in range(5):
    print(i)  # 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

for item in [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]:
    print(item)

range(n) gives 0 to n-1. Use range(start, end) or range(start, end, step) for more control.

while loop

python
n = 0
while n < 3:
    print(n)
    n += 1

Use break to exit and continue to skip to the next iteration.