Classes and Objects

Defining a class

Use class and __init__ for the constructor:

python
class Car:
    def __init__(self, brand, year):
        self.brand = brand
        self.year = year

    def describe(self):
        return f\"{self.brand} ({self.year})\"

self is the instance. You pass it explicitly; Python does not hide it.

Creating instances

python
my_car = Car(\"Toyota\", 2020)
print(my_car.describe())  # Toyota (2020)

Inheritance

python
class ElectricCar(Car):
    def __init__(self, brand, year, range_km):
        super().__init__(brand, year)
        self.range_km = range_km

Subclasses override methods by defining a method with the same name.